Bangladesh: In Search of an Ideal State
Are we genuinely facing an identity crisis as a nation, or are we gradually losing our national values due to long-standing, flawed social and political ideologies and an education system devoid of moral foundation? Bangladesh, once known as a land where diverse religions, cultures, and languages coexisted in harmony, now faces a profound crisis of religious violence and discrimination. A country whose soil once filled hearts with vitality and whose air carried the collective breath of its people is now witnessing alarming incidents of violence, oppression, and inequality in the name of religion. The values of the Liberation War and our constitutional principles are being questioned.
Communities that once thrived together—Hindus, Muslims, Buddhists, and Christians—now see increasing hostility. Attacks on the places of worship, properties, and even the lives of minority communities have become disturbingly frequent. Following the abrupt fall of the previous government, which came after a student-led anti-discrimination movement, the country has plunged into social unrest. Anti-liberation forces, alongside proponents of communalism, have resurfaced, posing a grave threat to national unity. This turmoil tarnishes the internal peace and Bangladesh's image internationally. It is time to rethink: What would an ideal Bangladesh look like? A Bangladesh where every citizen, regardless of religion or ethnicity, enjoys equal rights, dignity, and security. The key to becoming such a state is ensuring national unity, tolerance, and equality.
Today, the supposed light of Western-style freedom shines across the nation, yet its intensity is overwhelming, even confusing for many. As poet Jibanananda Das once said, "Not everyone is a poet; only some are," our freedom, too, feels like a decree whose language we fail to comprehend fully. Our society is plunging into disorganised chaos without a clear understanding of how to exercise our freedom. Our core principles are slowly being drowned in the crowd. However, some leaders and advisers from the interim government speak of transforming Bangladesh into an ideal state. But can a country whose people have yet to embody such ideals be truly transformed?
What do they mean by an "ideal state"? In his renowned work The Republic, the ancient Greek philosopher Plato stated, "An ideal state requires ideal citizens." He believed that the strength of a state rests on the morality of the people, education, and character. Without responsible and moral citizens, no state can become ideal. This is true for Bangladesh as well. For a nation to develop and prosper, every citizen must possess a sense of responsibility, moral values, and awareness. The state can never become ideal if citizens do not perform their duties. The relationship between the state and its citizens is a disciplined bond where ideal citizens move the state forward while the state provides security and opportunities in return.
As a teacher, I have always believed that education is the foundation of a nation's advancement and is indispensable in the development of ideal citizens. The Greek philosopher Aristotle called education "the soul of a state." Educated citizens are more conscious of morality, justice, and social responsibility. Similarly, Thomas Jefferson, one of the founders of the United States, believed that "an educated citizenry is essential to preserving a free state." Thus, we must first reform the education system to turn Bangladesh into an ideal state. First, let us allow the people to become ideal citizens; the rest will follow naturally. Though purely theoretical, Plato's concept of a perfect state offers a glimpse of a well-organised, just society where citizens live by their virtues and morality. While no ideal nation exists, some countries attempt to govern based on justice and moral principles. Although divisions, selfishness, and inequality persist, Plato envisioned a state governed by the rule of law, where justice is equally applied to all. Similarly, the ancient Indian philosopher Kautilya in Arthashastra and the Chinese thinker Confucius also envisioned ideal states. Their models centred on ensuring public welfare, equality, and peace.
Since Bangladesh's independence, has any government genuinely worked for the welfare of the people? Many believe that instead of progressing, we are moving in reverse. If we do not act swiftly, we risk being engulfed by a social storm. So, what should be done? We must first eliminate religious, social, and economic disparities to transform Bangladesh into an ideal state. This requires laws or political promises and a transformation in people's mindset. Our society must be rebuilt based on religion, culture, and history, where mutual respect and coexistence prevail. This transformation will only be possible through a thorough education system overhaul. Education must be modern, practical, and rooted in human values, enforced consistently across society through legal frameworks. Every religion has its values and traditions; by respecting these values, we can live harmoniously. The soil of Bangladesh belongs to all its people, not just a specific group. Therefore, every citizen deserves equal rights.
Recent events have deteriorated law and order, particularly during political transitions. As political power struggles intensify, so does violence. In some cases, even local administrations find themselves helpless. Attacks on minority communities, violence against women, and political clashes are driving the country toward chaos. Despite its promises of stability, the current interim government has struggled to address these issues effectively. Ensuring security and religious freedom is one of the government's key responsibilities. Still, administrative negligence and political interference have left the safety of minority communities in jeopardy. The government must take decisive action. Citizens' security must be ensured through promises or laws and robust administrative measures. Religious extremism and political violence must be curbed. Civil society, the media, and spiritual leaders also have a role to play in promoting peace and tolerance in society.
To realise the concept of an ideal state, we must overcome religious and social divisions. Every citizen must be guaranteed equal rights, freedom to work, and to practice their faith. This is a theoretical ideal and a practical path to building a just, tolerant, and peaceful Bangladesh. Equal rights and responsibilities for all are the foundation of an ideal state, and we must work together to achieve this goal. Bangladesh can indeed become that ideal state—where everyone lives with dignity and respect, practising their faith and fulfilling their duties.
Our land has always been a melting pot of religions, cultures, and languages, where people of different faiths have coexisted peacefully for generations. To preserve this legacy, it is crucial to guarantee religious freedom and uphold human values for every citizen. Promoting moral and high-quality education can build a more tolerant society where people live harmoniously. Only proper education can inspire a sense of brotherhood and guide Bangladesh toward becoming a peaceful and tolerant nation. Let education be the light that leads us out of the darkness. To build an ideal state, as envisioned by many philosophers throughout history, we must first address the fundamental issues of religious intolerance, social inequality, and political instability. Bangladesh, a land of diverse cultures and traditions, must learn to embrace its pluralistic identity while fostering a sense of shared belonging. As history has shown, no nation can thrive by marginalising segments of its population, and no society can prosper without mutual respect and understanding. The country must strengthen its institutions to safeguard the rights of every individual, regardless of their religion, ethnicity, or social background.
Central to this transformation is the role of education. Education is not merely about literacy or professional skills but about instilling values that encourage tolerance, empathy, and a sense of responsibility toward the greater good. A robust educational framework should aim to create well-rounded citizens aware of their rights and duties. If we want Bangladesh to become an ideal state, education must focus on academic achievement and fostering ethical awareness and civic consciousness. Our schools, colleges, and universities should emphasise critical thinking, social responsibility, and a deep appreciation for the rich tapestry of cultures and religions that make up the nation.
In addition, political reforms are necessary to create an environment where democratic values can flourish. A strong and independent judiciary, a transparent and accountable government, and a free and active civil society are the pillars of an ideal state. The leaders of Bangladesh must rise above narrow political interests and work together to implement reforms that strengthen these institutions. The rule of law must be enforced uniformly, without bias or favouritism, to protect the rights of every citizen. Bangladesh can only move towards realising its potential as an ideal state through genuine political will and a commitment to public welfare. Achieving this vision will not be easy, but it is not impossible. The path to an ideal Bangladesh requires long-term commitment, sacrifice, and unity from its leaders and people. Plato's idea of a perfect state was one where moral citizens took responsibility for the common good, which also holds for Bangladesh. Every individual must take ownership of the country's future, contributing to creating a more just, equitable, and compassionate society. We must realise that progress is not measured solely by economic growth or technological advancements but by how we treat the most vulnerable.
The journey towards becoming an ideal state is collective. It requires a shift in the mindset of its citizens and leaders alike. Religious tolerance, respect for human rights, social justice, and the pursuit of education grounded in ethics and empathy must form the bedrock of this transformation. An ideal state is not just a utopian concept but a possibility that can be realised through the active participation of every citizen in building a nation that upholds the values of justice, equality, and freedom. By overcoming division and embracing unity, Bangladesh can emerge as a model of peace, progress, and inclusivity for the rest of the world. This vision may seem distant, but with sustained efforts, it is within reach—a future where every citizen, regardless of faith or identity, can live with dignity, security, and hope.